Scientific Publications
The publications and references listed below include peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and professional society guidelines related to ophthalmic brachytherapy and the use of beta-radiation sources for ocular tumors and benign growths. Some publications were authored or co-authored by individuals affiliated with Liberty Vision Corporation; disclosures of affiliation are noted with each entry.
Individual patient outcomes may vary depending on many factors. These publications describe the experience of individual practitioners, researchers, and institutions. The views and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of LV Liberty Vision Corporation.
The LV Y-90 Disc and iWand® applicators are designed for ophthalmic brachytherapy. For complete device and regulatory information, refer to product labeling.
Book Chapters
Finger PT. "High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Ocular Tumors and Benign Growths." In: Finger's Essential Ophthalmic Oncology. Kugler Publications, 2024; Chapter 21, pp. 279–294.
This chapter reviews the evolution of beta-radiation brachytherapy for ocular tumors and benign growths, from early strontium-90/yttrium-90 applicators to current monoisotopic yttrium-90 disc sources. Topics include dosimetry, applicator design for anterior and posterior targets, radiobiological dose conversion from LDR to HDR, radiation safety protocols, and initial clinical results in patients with uveal melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The chapter also surveys the broader literature on beta-radiation treatment for conditions including pterygium, glaucoma, and neovascular macular degeneration.
Read Chapter (Open Access — Kugler Publications)
Disclosure: Paul T. Finger, MD is the Founder, CEO, and Chief Medical Officer of LV Liberty Vision Corporation.
Peer-reviewed publications involving the LV Y-90 Disc and iWand® system
Finger PT, Stewart R, Rivard MJ, Beers RJ, Kamen J, Lama S, Chin KJ, Mohney K, Welles TS, Sauerwein WAG, Rosenzweig K. "First clinical implementation of Yttrium-90 Disc Brachytherapy after FDA clearance." Brachytherapy, 2023; 22(3):416–427.
This paper describes the commissioning and first clinical use of the LV Y-90 Disc and iWand applicators. Six patients with various ocular conditions were treated at the New York Eye Cancer Center.
Full text (Open Access) · PubMed
Disclosure: Paul T. Finger, MD is the Founder, CEO, and Chief Medical Officer of LV Liberty Vision Corporation. Kyle Mohney and Toby S. Welles are employees of Liberty Vision. Mark J. Rivard, PhD and Wolfgang A.G. Sauerwein, MD are members of the Liberty Vision Scientific Advisory Board.
Finger PT. "Yttrium-90 Episcleral Plaque Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanoma." Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases, 2024; 8(2):210–214.
This paper describes the use of light-guided, light-defined Y-90 brachytherapy for a posterior choroidal melanoma using the iWand P applicator.
Disclosure: Paul T. Finger, MD is the Founder, CEO, and Chief Medical Officer of LV Liberty Vision Corporation.
Finger PT. "High-Dose-Rate Yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) Episcleral Plaque Brachytherapy for Iris and Iridociliary Melanoma." Ophthalmology Science, 2024; 4(5):100513.
This paper describes a pilot study of six consecutive patients with iris or iridociliary melanoma treated with single-session Y-90 brachytherapy using the iWand A applicator. Published by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Disclosure: Paul T. Finger, MD is the Founder, CEO, and Chief Medical Officer of LV Liberty Vision Corporation. This IRB-approved safety and tolerability study was sponsored by Liberty Vision Corporation.
Maniar A, Chino J, Meltsner S, Finger PT, Materin MA. "Yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) Brachytherapy for Squamous Carcinoma: Treatment of the Conjunctiva, Cornea, and Sclera." American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports, 2024; 36:102157.
This paper describes the experience of Duke University Eye Center using Y-90 brachytherapy for conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in three patients. This is the first multi-center publication involving the LV Y-90 system.
Disclosure: Paul T. Finger, MD, a co-author, is the Founder, CEO, and Chief Medical Officer of LV Liberty Vision Corporation.
Chang X, Huang L, Liu J, Cao Y, Chang J. "Monte Carlo dosimetry of a novel Yttrium-90 disc source for episcleral brachytherapy." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 2023; 24(10):e14140.
This paper presents an independent Monte Carlo simulation verification of the LV Y-90 Disc dosimetry, conducted at Northwell Health / Hofstra University.
Disclosure: Liberty Vision Corporation provided the Y-90 source used in this study.
Boudaghi Malidarreh R, Zakaly HMH, Khabaz R. "Monte Carlo dosimetry of Y-90 and Ru-106/Rh-106 disk sources for ocular melanoma treatment: beta dose falloff study." The European Physical Journal Plus, 2024; 139:478.
This paper presents an independent Monte Carlo comparison of Y-90 and Ru-106/Rh-106 disc sources for ocular melanoma brachytherapy dosimetry.
Independent reviews discussing Y-90 ophthalmic brachytherapy
Semeniuk O, Yu E, Rivard MJ. "Current and Emerging Radiotherapy Options for Uveal Melanoma." Cancers, 2024; 16(5):1074.
A comprehensive review from Brown University discussing radiotherapy modalities for uveal melanoma, including Y-90 brachytherapy among current and emerging treatment approaches.
Disclosure: Mark J. Rivard, PhD, a co-author, is a member of the Liberty Vision Scientific Advisory Board.
Thomas GN, Chou IL, Gopal L. "Plaque Radiotherapy for Ocular Melanoma." Cancers, 2024; 16(19):3386.
A review from the National University of Singapore discussing the evolution of plaque radiotherapy for ocular melanoma, including Y-90 disc brachytherapy.
Lim J, Teo AWJ, Siow TR, Chan KP, Tan GSW. "Innovations in brachytherapy." Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology, 2025; 15(1):62–72.
A review from the Singapore National Eye Centre / Duke-NUS Medical School discussing innovations in ophthalmic brachytherapy, including the LV Y-90 Disc and iWand applicator system.
Professional society guidelines and standards
Simpson ER, Gallie B, Laperrierre N, et al. "The American Brachytherapy Society Consensus Guidelines for Plaque Brachytherapy of Uveal Melanoma and Retinoblastoma." Brachytherapy, 2014; 13(1):1–14.
International consensus guidelines for plaque brachytherapy developed by a 47-author task force from 10 countries, covering treatment planning, dosimetry, and clinical practice for uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma.
Full text (Open Access) · PubMed
Disclosure: Paul T. Finger, MD, who chaired this ABS task force, is the Founder, CEO, and Chief Medical Officer of LV Liberty Vision Corporation. Mark J. Rivard, PhD and Wolfgang A.G. Sauerwein, MD, who are co-authors, are members of the Liberty Vision Scientific Advisory Board.
Thomson RM, Furutani KM, Kaulich TW, Mourtada F, Rivard MJ, Soares CG, Vanneste FM, Melhus CS. "AAPM Recommendations on Medical Physics Practices for Ocular Plaque Brachytherapy: Report of Task Group 221." Medical Physics, 2020; 47(5):e92–e124.
AAPM recommendations extending the dosimetric framework for ocular plaque brachytherapy to include beta-emitting sources, covering commissioning, quality assurance, calibration, and radiation safety. Endorsed by ESTRO ACROP.
Abstract (AAPM/Wiley) · PubMed
Disclosure: Mark J. Rivard, PhD, a co-author, is a member of the Liberty Vision Scientific Advisory Board.
Questions?
Contact Liberty Vision to learn more about published research involving the LV Y-90 Disc and iWand system.
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